Currently, Vietnam has a large area of peanut cultivation, ranking fifth in Asia. With productivity ranging from 16 to 18 quintals per hectare, each province in the province receives approximately 9,000 tons of peanuts. Wheat farmers’ income is 2-3 times higher than that of rice farmers. The summer-autumn crop is still 1,700 hectares, with a productivity of 16 quintals per hectare. Peanut production is higher than that of rice and maize so many localities see peanuts as a way to escape poverty. Recognizing the effect of peanut brought about quite high, farmers have expanded peanut cultivation area and focus on agricultural crops.
Peanut harvest
Harvesting time is important because it significantly affects the quality of the seed. Choose sunny days, dry field to harvest. Peanut seeds should be harvested when the test is found yellow leaves, hard fruit shell, firm, low fruit, 70-75% ripe fruit physiology. After spit, scatter the tree into rows for final disposal. Removing diseased fruit, fallen fruit should not be kept as seed.
With a large area can not only harvest peanut by manpower because harvest time is long, not effective. Long-term peanut loss can affect yield. Currently, peanut harvesters are born instead of human power to help farmers harvest quickly, effectively, labor cost savings.
The machine is compact, designed, made simple, mechanical facilities in the agricultural areas completely made of common materials, available on the market. The machine is mounted on the agricultural machine about 22 horsepower or more.
The machine has a productivity of 0.2 – 0.22 hectares per hour. Rate of digging 1.5%, the rate of 1% root failure, broken tuber 3%. Because materials and materials used in the machine are used in the country, 30% cheaper than imported machines with similar functions. It reduces over 90% of labor and 30-40% of cost compared to manual harvesting.
Harvesters have the structure and principles of work not too complicated, in line with the level of manufacturing industry in the country. Operational principle of the machine: extractor help to set up the plant, the digging will cut off the link between the beam and soil – two clamping forceps and shake the soil attached to the fruit – then transfer to the set. cut off Peanuts will be brought to the cleaning fan stand and transferred to the container. Finally, the container is empty, the trunk is spread straight and kept on the ground, which is good for breeding.
The peanut harvesting machine has many remarkable features, suitable to the production scale and the peanut cultivation practices of the farmers in our country today. The technical parameters that make the machine successful are: flat dredging, 6mm thick, hardened and sharpened 300mm angle, good quality carbon steel shears with O = 1.6cm . More useful, this machine also has the ability to increase the amplitude of vibration and frequency for the shake to break the bonding of the soil.
A farmer can easily pair this machine with the ZL 2201G tractor. When the machine is in operation, the eight blades will be plugged into the ground, and then the base will be peeled off. Then the peanuts will be brought to the vibrating screen to remove soil, sand stick on the body. Finishing the process, peanut stalks are compacted on the ground, farmers just gather.
After the harvest is to the drying stage
Dry the peanut by drying it in the field if it is sunny, the field is dry or hung on the terrace. It is also possible to dry out on the brick yard or dry in the sun, mama. Avoid drying on the concrete yard because the temperature is too high to affect the quality of the seed. In the case of bad weather, there is no sunshine, so dry the hulls and use the dryer to dry the seed.
Preserving peanuts
The germination rate of the variety depends very much on the preservation process. If stored in cold storage, after 12 months the rate of germination is still 95.6%, the color of the silk shell is less varied. If kept in the room after 6 months the rate of germination reached 89.5%, after 8 months reached 76.1%, but if from 9-12 months, the rate of germination reduced to just over 50%.
The dried, clean seed is packed in sacks with nylon bags or jars with lime under the bottom and covered with plastic nylon on the jar. It is also possible to pean in the jar and then cover it with some oval leaf, then tie the nylon. During storage do not open the nylon until the preparation of sowing because peanuts are easy to lose germination. The lower the storage temperature, the longer the storage time. Seedlings should not be kept for more than 1 year, should use the best transfer.